Sitagliptin is oral antidiabetic agent, prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It helps control blood sugar levels.

Headache, diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis. Angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis, hypoglycaemia. Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis and/or severe dermatologic reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Concurrent use may increase serum levels of digoxin. Increased risk of hypoglycaemia when used with sulphonylureas.

Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis.

Sitagliptin inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), resulting in prolonged active incretin levels. Incretin hormones increases insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic β-cells and reduces glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells. Reduced glucagon secretion leads to decreased hepatic glucose production. Absorption: Rapid absorption. Bioavailability: About 87%. Distribution: Protein binding: 38%. Metabolism: Not extensively metabolised. Excretion: Elimination half-life: 12 hr. 87% excreted in urine (mainly as unchanged drug) and 13% excreted in faeces.

Discontinue treatment if there are signs of hypersensitivity. Caution when used with sulphonylureas and/or other antidiabetic medications; monitor blood glucose regularly. Renal impairment; dose adjustment may be needed. Children <18 yr. Pregnancy, lactation.

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