Dexoren-S Eye/Ear Drop

Side Effects of Dexoren-S Eye/Ear Drop

GI symptoms; bleeding; peripheral and optic neuritis, visual impairment, blindness; encephalopathy, confusion, delirium, mental depression, headache. Haemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency. ophthalmic application: Hypersensitivity reactions including rashes, fever and angioedema. Ear drops: Ototoxicity. Potentially Fatal: Bone marrow suppression and irreversible aplastic anaemia. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. Grey baby syndrome. Rarely, anaphylaxis.

Drug Interactions

Decreased effects of iron and vitamin B12 in anaemic patients. Phenobarbitone and rifampin reduce efficacy of chloramphenicol. Impairs the action of oral contraceptives. Potentially Fatal: Increases the effect of oral anticoagulants, oral hypoglycaemic agents, phenytoin. Avoid concomitant administration with drugs that depress bone marrow function.

Contraindications

History of hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to the drug; pregnancy, lactation; porphyria; parenteral admin for minor infections or as prophylaxis; preexisting bone marrow depression or blood dyscrasias.

Mechanism of Action

Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus preventing peptide bond formation by peptidyl transferase. It has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against H. influenzae, N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae. Duration: Typhoid: 8-10 days; meningitis: 7-10 days; brain abscess: Up to 4 wk. Absorption: Readily absorbed with peak plasma concentrations after 1 or 2 hr (oral). Distribution: Distributed widely into tissues and fluids, CSF (up to 50% even in the absence of meningitis), eye (aqueous and vitreous humours); crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk. Protein-binding: 60%. Metabolism: Hydrolysed to the free drug in the GI tract (palmitate); liver by conjugation with glucuronic acid, lungs and kidneys after parenteral admin (sodium succinate). Excretion: Via the urine (30% as unchanged before hydrolysis, 5-10% of an oral dose), via the bile (3%), via the faeces (1% as inactive form); 1.5-4 hr (elimination half-life).

Special Precautions

Impaired renal or hepatic function; premature and full-term neonates. Monitor plasma concentrations to avoid toxicity.

How to Use

Take orally with food and water, as directed by your physician.

How to Store

Keep in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and moisture.

Safety Concerns

• Alcohol: Avoid during treatment.
• Breastfeeding: Not recommended.
• Pregnancy: Contraindicated.
• Liver/Kidney: Use with caution.

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