Zytham-200mg Tab

Side Effects of Zytham-200mg Tab

Retrobulbar neuritis with a reduction in visual acuity, constriction of visual field, central or peripheral scotoma and green-red colour blindness. Retinal haemorrhage (rare); reduced renal clearance of urates (acute gout); GI disturbances eg, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia; rash, headache, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, malaise, jaundice; thrombocytopenia; pulmonary infiltrates.

Drug Interactions

Absorption delayed or reduced by aluminum hydroxide. Synergistic effect with other antitubercular agents.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity; optic neuritis. Lactation.

Mechanism of Action

Ethambutol interferes with RNA synthesis, causing suppression of Mycobacteria multiplication. It also has bacteriostatic action against M tuberculosis by acting on rapidly growing pathogens in cavity walls and is also effective in slow-growing pathogens. Has some action against atypical opportunistic Mycobacteria e.g. M kansasii, M avium complex (MAC). Absorption: 80% is absorbed from the GI tract (oral). Distribution: Lungs, kidneys, erythrocytes, CSF (in meningitis); crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Metabolism: Hepatic: Converted to the aldehyde and dicarboxylic acid derivatives (inactive). Excretion: Via urine (as unchanged, 8-15% as metabolites), via faeces (20% as unchanged); 3-4 hr (elimination half-life).

Special Precautions

Impaired pre-treatment visual acuity, elderly, children. Perform liver, kidney and visual acuity tests regularly. Caution when assessing visual acuity in patients with cataracts, DM, recurrent eye inflammation to make sure that changes are not due to the underlying causes.

How to Use

Take orally with food and water, as directed by your physician.

How to Store

Keep in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and moisture.

Safety Concerns

• Alcohol: Avoid during treatment.
• Breastfeeding: Not recommended.
• Pregnancy: Contraindicated.
• Liver/Kidney: Use with caution.

Content Disclaimer

This content is for educational purposes only. Please consult your doctor before use.