CVL-12.5mg

Side Effects of CVL-12.5mg

Bradycardia, syncope, dizziness, headache, fatigue, asthenia, arthralgia, urinary incontinence, interstitial pneumonitis, generalised oedema, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycaemia, wt gain, cough, abnormal vision, increased BUN and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN).

Drug Interactions

Decreased serum levels w/ rifampicin. Combination w/ Ca channel blockers (e.g. verapamil and diltiazem) can lead to bradycardia and myocardial depression. Potentiates insulin-induced hypoglycaemic action. May increase hypoglycaemic effects of antidiabetic agents. Increased risk of bradycardia w/ digoxin. Increased risk of hypotension and bradycardia w/ reserpine, MAOIs, clonidine. May increase ciclosporin concentrations. Concurrent use w/ ether, cyclopropane, trichloroethylene may increase the risk of hypotension and heart failure.

Contraindications

Bronchial asthma or related bronchospastic conditions. AV block, 2nd and 3rd degree. Sick sinus syndrome or severe bradycardia. Cardiogenic shock. NYHA class IV heart failure. COPD w/ bronchial obstruction. Metabolic acidosis. Severe peripheral arterial circulatory disturbances. Severe hepatic impairment.

Mechanism of Action

Carvedilol is a non selective β-adrenergic blocking agent which causes vasodilation by blocking the activity alpha-1 receptors. It exerts antihypertensive effect partly by reducing total peripheral resistance and vasodilation. Onset: 1-2 hr. Absorption: Well absorbed from the GI tract. Food reduces absorption. Absolute bioavailability: Approx 25%. Time to peak plasma concentration: 1-2 hr. Distribution: Plasma protein binding: >98%. Metabolism: Undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism via CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 isoenzymes to 4-hydroxyphenyl and other metabolites. Excretion: Via bile (as metabolites). Elimination half-life: Approx 6-10 hr.

Special Precautions

Avoid abrupt withdrawal as it may precipitate thyroid storm, exacerbate angina, MI and ventricular arrhythmias. Patients w/ peripheral vascular disease, Prinzmetal's angina, DM, untreated pheochromocytoma; worsening cardiac failure and fluid retention in patients w/ CHF during up-titration. May mask signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism and acute hypoglycaemia. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Monitor heart rate, BP, BUN, liver function.

How to Use

Take orally with food and water, as directed by your physician.

How to Store

Keep in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and moisture.

Safety Concerns

• Alcohol: Avoid during treatment.
• Breastfeeding: Not recommended.
• Pregnancy: Contraindicated.
• Liver/Kidney: Use with caution.

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