Cytarabine 1 gm Injection

Side Effects of Cytarabine 1 gm Injection

Dementia, GI disturbances, hepatic and renal dysfunction, neurotoxicity, rashes, oral and anal ulceration, GI haemorrhage, oesophagitis, conjunctivitis, flu-like syndrome, anaphylactoid reactions. Potentially Fatal: Convulsions. Cerebellar dysfunction, respiratory distress syndrome, GI perforation, bone marrow suppression.

Drug Interactions

May reduce efficacy of gentamicin, digoxin and flucytosine. Potentially Fatal: Potentiates bone marrow depression with radiotherapy and other myelotoxic drugs.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity; pregnancy and lactation.

Mechanism of Action

Cytarabine acts by interfering with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle. It is a potent myelosuppressant and requires careful haematological monitoring during its use. It also has antiviral property. Absorption: Poorly absorbed from the GI tract due to rapid deamination (oral). Distribution: Crosses the placenta and blood-brain barrier. Metabolism: Phosphorylation followed by deamination in the liver and kidneys. Excretion: Urine (as inactive metabolites and unchanged drug). Elimination half-life: Initial: 10 min (IV inj), terminal: 1-3 hr (IV inj), 3.5 hr (infusion), 100-263 hr (intrathecal).

Special Precautions

Hepatic and renal dysfunction, severe infections, preexisting drug-induced bone marrow suppression. Monitor WBC, platelet counts and blood uric acid frequently. Assess renal and hepatic function periodically.

How to Use

Take orally with food and water, as directed by your physician.

How to Store

Keep in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and moisture.

Safety Concerns

• Alcohol: Avoid during treatment.
• Breastfeeding: Not recommended.
• Pregnancy: Contraindicated.
• Liver/Kidney: Use with caution.

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